American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) - Experts & Thought Leaders

ABS completed a four-year effort to develop a training module to enhance safety training for commercial fishermen. The project delivered a web-based training platform with materials focused on six major categories of safety risks related to fishing vessel dynamic stability. Computational fluid dynamics and modern rendering techniques were adopted to make the simulations as realistic as possible. Awareness of safety risks “This work shows the unwavering efforts of ABS to promote the security of life at sea. In some environmental conditions, commercial fishing can become an occupation with many risks." "With modern simulation technologies, ABS is able to advance training for better situational awareness of safety risks to support those working in the fishing industry,” said Patrick Ryan, ABS Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer. Long-term course offerings The project was financially sponsored by the Commercial Fishing Occupational Safety Research program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The training platform has been incorporated into the long-term course offerings of Alaska Marine Safety Education Association (AMSEA). The project team consisted of ABS, AMSEA, George Mason University, and the Northeast Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (NEC), with support from Hockema Group, Inc. Technical advisory services “We are excited to see this stability training tool come on-line! The interactive features permit the user to experiment with multiple stability-oriented scenarios; and in doing so, permit knowledge-based decision making on probable outcomes, which may enhance valuable stability decisions while at sea,” said Joseph D. Myers, U.S. Coast Guard Fishing Vessel Safety Program Manager. ABS is a pioneering global provider of classification and technical advisory services for the marine and offshore industries.

ABS Chairman and Chief Executive, Christopher J. Wiernicki was named International Personality of the Year at the Lloyds List Greek Shipping Awards, the second time he has received the honour. The accolade followed ABS being named Number One Classification Society by Gross Tonnage in the annual Lloyds List ranking of the Top 10 Class Organisations. ABS’ flagship global locations Wiernicki, who this week was also placed 72 in the Lloyds List ranking of the Top 100 People in Shipping, said: “Over the years, I have felt a profound bond with Greece and its maritime community. I believed in its potential and invested significant resources to establish the Greek office as one of ABS’ flagship global locations. That decision was one of the most rewarding of my career.” Wiernicki highlighted the industry’s challenges and outlined a formula for success in shipping through combining technology, innovation, change and people divided by risk. Realistic and achievable technology Wiernicki said: “Looking ahead, we need to ensure that safety remains the mantra of this industry and that future regulations should be aligned with commercial gravity. Governments and industry need to find a new balance that results in realistic and achievable technology readiness timelines." "The biggest challenge facing the industry will be workforce development, not technology readiness or digitalisation and not decarbonisation. AI should be viewed not just as a way to reduce costs but instead as an enabler to empower our people.” Wiernicki retires from ABS on December 31 as the longest serving pioneer with a 15-year tenure but will remain active in the shipping industry.

ABS has granted approval in principle (AIP) to Seagate Space for their unmanned semi-submersible launch platform – the first offshore asset to receive AIP under the newly published ABS Requirements for Offshore Spaceports. “Safety and precision are critical to the success of offshore space launch operations. This AIP reflects both ABS’ and Seagate Space’s commitment to advancing innovative technologies that enable reliable and efficient launch operations in a fast-evolving sector. ABS is proud to continue shaping the offshore infrastructure critical to supporting space launches across the globe,” said Miguel Hernandez, ABS Senior Vice President, Global Offshore. Offshore spaceport infrastructure The platform, designed specifically for remote offshore launch operations and referred to as the Gateway-S, introduces a new category of modular offshore spaceport infrastructure. Gateway-S can be configured for both launch and recovery as well as disassembled into container-sized modules for transportation by sea, truck or rail, allowing for multi-site deployments.  Other key features of the design include its semi-submersible hull form, which reduces wave-induced motion, and deck arrangement, which can facilitate various mission-specific equipment.  Offshore recovery missions “Our customers in the space industry are truly transforming humanity’s future, and we are proud to be at the forefront of supporting their unique maritime needs. Gateway-S is the first of a series of configurations that achieve greater capability at a more efficient cost point,” said Sean Fortener, Co-Founder and COO/President of Seagate Space. Offshore recovery missions have skyrocketed over the past decade, soaring from just two in 2015 to over a hundred in 2024. Specialised barges and offshore support vessels enable this rapid growth, serving as a key theatre for an array of offshore operations in support of the expanding commercial space industry. Feasibility of novel concepts Offshore spaceports enable more convenient and efficient launch operations by moving operations to sea, reducing public impact while relieving pressure on shore-based spaceport infrastructure.  The platform was approved in principle with applicable standards in ABS Requirements for Offshore Spaceports and ABS Rules for Building and Classing Offshore Units (Offshore Rules). An intermediate approval step, AIPs assist in demonstrating project feasibility of novel concepts to project partners and regulatory bodies. Unique challenges of offshore spaceports ABS has taken a pioneering role in the development of industry requirements for offshore space infrastructure. It published the world’s first requirements addressing the unique challenges of offshore spaceports in 2023 as well as a joint development project reviewing remotely controlled dynamic positioning functions of autonomous rocket recovery droneships with SpaceX.

Given the diverse stakeholders in the maritime industry, it is understandable that collaboration is a challenge. However, the interconnected ecosystem of maritime makes collaboration essential. From ship owners and operators to port authorities, from shippers to shipbuilders, from classification societies to marine service providers and others, there are vast opportunities to work together and cooperate. To gain insight, we asked our Expert Panel Roundtable: How can the maritime industry increase collaboration, and what are the benefits?

Achieving optimal return on investment (ROI) for a maritime company involves a strategic combination of operational efficiency, revenue enhancement, cost control, careful financial management, attention to sustainability and regulatory compliance, and other factors. Given all the variables in play, profitability can be elusive, but our Expert Panel Roundtable has some ideas. We asked: How can maritime companies maximise return on investment (ROI)?

Ammonia is gaining traction as a future fuel in the maritime industry, primarily due to its potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A key driver for ammonia's interest is that it can be carbon-free when combusted, which aligns with the maritime industry's increasing pressure to meet emissions regulations. However, most ammonia production currently relies on fossil fuels. Transitioning to "green ammonia" production is crucial for sustainability. If "green ammonia" is produced using renewable energy sources, it offers a pathway to near-zero emissions shipping. Safety measures and regulations Ammonia’s volumetric energy density – higher than hydrogen – makes it more practical for onboard storage. However, ammonia is toxic, which requires stringent safety measures and regulations for handling and storage. The combustion of ammonia can produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Therefore, mitigation technologies are needed. Building the necessary infrastructure for ammonia bunkering and supply will be a significant undertaking. Developing guidelines for safe use Ammonia is poised to play a significant role in the maritime industry's transition to a future The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is developing guidelines for the safe use of ammonia as a marine fuel. Increasing numbers of companies are investing in the development of ammonia-fueled vessels and technologies.   European Union (EU) legislation, such as the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and the FuelEU initiative to support decarbonisation, are pushing the maritime industry towards the use of alternative fuels, which is increasing the potential of ammonia. While challenges remain, ammonia is poised to play a significant role in the maritime industry's transition to a more sustainable future. Ongoing research and development   Ongoing research and development are focused on improving safety, reducing emissions, and scaling up production. In essence, ammonia offers a promising pathway for the maritime industry to reduce its carbon footprint, but its widespread adoption depends on overcoming technical and logistical challenges. Working toward the future of ammonia Progress is already happening as the maritime industry works toward a future that includes the use of ammonia as a fuel. For example, one project underway aims to be a pioneer in establishing a comprehensive and competitive supply chain to provide clean ammonia ship-to-ship bunkering in the U.S. West Coast. Progress is already occurring as the maritime industry works toward a future A feasibility study is being conducted at the Port of Oakland, Benicia, and nearby major ports on the U.S. West Coast. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between American Bureau of Shipping, CALAMCO, Fleet Management Limited, Sumitomo Corp. and TOTE Services LLC is jointly conducting the feasibility study. "We are proud to share our industry-pioneering expertise in ammonia as a marine fuel to support this study on the U.S. West Coast,” said Panos Koutsourakis, Vice President of Global Sustainability at the American Bureau of Shipping. “Our expertise in developing safety guidelines will support the consortium to address the ammonia-specific set of safety and technology challenges.” More global ammonia developments In another development, three LPG/ammonia carrier ships have been ordered at the South Korean shipyard HD Hyundai Heavy Industries (HD HHI). Danish investment fund European Maritime Finance (EMF) and international shipping company Atlas Maritime have confirmed the order. HD HHI’s parent company, HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering (HD KSOE), revealed the order for $372 million in March 2024. The three 88,000 cubic-metre LPG dual-fuel carriers, capable of carrying and running on ammonia, are scheduled for delivery in December 2027. The vessels will be named EMF Viking I, II, and III. Also, Lloyd’s Register (LR) and Guangzhou Shipyard International have signed a joint development project to design the world’s largest very large ammonia carrier (VLAC). The design of the 100,000-cubic-metre vessel has been assessed in line with LR’s Structural Design Assessment and prescriptive analysis. The gas carrier will have an independent IMO Type B tank for safe carriage of the chemical. Zero-emissions operations The cargo ship, which will be 7,800 dwt, is designed to transport timber from Norway to Europe “As major economies look to co-fire ammonia in their coal power stations to reduce the CO2 footprint of their national energy mix, shipping will play a key role in distributing clean hydrogen-based commodities such as ammonia, thereby supporting nations to meet their Paris Agreement commitments," says LR's Chief Executive Nick Brown. Furthermore, a partnership of companies from Norway has ordered a pioneering short-sea cargo ship that will advance the industry’s ability to provide zero-emissions operations. The cargo ship, which will be 7,800 dwt, is designed to transport timber from Norway to Europe and will be the first to operate on ammonia and electricity. Amogy’s ammonia-to-electrical power system A start-up company focusing on ammonia-to-power technology, Amogy, demonstrated the first tugboat powered by its cracking technology just short of the fourth anniversary of the company’s launch. The trip of a 67-year-old tug along a tributary of New York State’s Hudson River is part of the company’s works to develop and commercialise its technology to decarbonise the most difficult industries. Amogy’s ammonia-to-electrical power system splits, or “cracks,” liquid ammonia into its base elements of hydrogen and nitrogen. The hydrogen is then funnelled into a fuel cell, generating the power for the vessel. Research points to the risks of ammonia The chemical, made of hydrogen and nitrogen, can also be burned as a zero-carbon fuel Today and in the future, ammonia, a main component of many fertilisers, can play a key role in a carbon-free fuel system as a convenient way to transport and store clean hydrogen. The chemical, made of hydrogen and nitrogen, can also be burned as a zero-carbon fuel. However, new research led by Princeton University scientists illustrates that even though it may not be a source of carbon pollution, ammonia's widespread use in the energy sector could pose a grave risk to the nitrogen cycle and climate without proper engineering precautions. Use of ammonia U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)-supported research found that a mismanaged ammonia economy could ramp up emissions of nitrous oxide, a long-lived greenhouse gas around 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide and a major contributor to the thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer. The use of ammonia could lead to substantial emissions of nitrogen oxides, a class of pollutants that contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain. And it could directly leak fugitive ammonia emissions into the environment, forming air pollutants, impacting water quality and stressing ecosystems by disturbing the global nitrogen cycle. Negative impacts of an ammonia economy The researchers found that the potential negative impacts of an ammonia economy "We have great hope that ingenuity and engineering can help reduce our use of carbon-based energy sources," said Richard Yuretich, a program director in NSF's Division of Earth Sciences. "But caution is advised because of unintended environmental spillover effects that may result from new technology." The researchers found that the potential negative impacts of an ammonia economy may be minimised with proactive engineering practices, but the possibility of risks should not be taken lightly. Addressing an inconvenient reality As interest in hydrogen as a zero-carbon fuel has grown, so too has an inconvenient reality: It is notoriously difficult to store and transport over long distances, requiring storage at either temperatures below -253 degrees Celsius or at pressures as high as 700 times atmospheric pressure. Ammonia, on the other hand, is much easier to liquify, transport and store, and capable of being moved around similarly to tanks of propane. Nonetheless, the cycle of nitrogen is delicately balanced in Earth's critical zone, and extensive research must be undertaken to investigate the repercussions of ammonia combustion and to develop new methods to minimise the risks. Challenges of ammonia as a maritime fuel Here's a breakdown of the key challenges of using ammonia for maritime fuel:   Toxicity and Safety: For human health, ammonia is highly toxic, posing a serious risk to human health through inhalation or skin contact. This necessitates stringent safety protocols, advanced leak detection systems, and thorough crew training. Relating to the environment, leaks can also harm aquatic ecosystems, requiring robust containment and mitigation measures. Combustion Challenges: Ammonia's combustion characteristics are less favourable than traditional fuels, requiring modifications to engine design and potentially the use of pilot fuels. Emissions: Combustion can produce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrous oxide (N2O), both of which are harmful pollutants. Mitigating these emissions is crucial. "Ammonia slip" is also a concern, in which unburnt ammonia is released. Infrastructure and Supply Chain: Establishing a global network of ammonia bunkering infrastructure is a massive undertaking, requiring significant investment and coordination. Scaling up "green ammonia" production, using renewable energy, is essential for its sustainability. This requires a robust and reliable supply chain. Storage: Ammonia has specific storage requirements, and onboard storage systems must be designed for safety and efficiency. International Standards Needed: Consistent and comprehensive international regulations and standards are needed for the safe handling, transportation, and use of ammonia as a marine fuel. While the IMO is developing Guidelines, complete and ratified rules are still needed. Economic challenges: "Green ammonia" is currently more expensive than traditional fuels, although costs are expected to decrease as production scales up. Significant investments are needed in research, development, and infrastructure to make ammonia a viable maritime fuel. Also, dedicated ammonia-fueled engines are still under heavy development, and do not have widespread availability. The path to commercialisation Overcoming the variety of technical and other obstacles will require collaboration among governments, industry stakeholders, and research institutions. The timeline for ammonia deployment in maritime applications is actively unfolding, with key milestones happening now and soon. 2025 marks the first trials of two-stroke, ammonia dual-fuel engines on oceangoing ships. Engine manufacturers like MAN Energy Solutions and WinGD are progressing with their engine development, with initial deliveries soon. These pilot projects are crucial for gathering real-world data and building confidence in ammonia as a marine fuel.   Development of comprehensive regulations As the maritime industry faces, ammonia is hoped to play a growing role in the fuel mix Gradual commercialisation will follow in the late-2020s as the technology matures and the infrastructure develops. The focus will be on refining engine technology, improving safety protocols, and establishing bunkering facilities in key ports. Wider adoption will likely follow in the 2030s, depending on factors such as the cost of green ammonia, the development of comprehensive regulations, and the expansion of the global supply chain. As the maritime industry faces increasing pressure to decarbonise, ammonia is expected to play a growing role in the fuel mix. Future of maritime It's likely that a combination of ammonia and other alternative fuels and technologies will be used in the future of maritime. Alternatives include methanol, liquid natural gas (LNG), hydrogen, biofuels, electric propulsion, and even nuclear power.  Ammonia is a strong contender, bit it faces stiff competition from other promising technologies. The maritime industry's transition to a sustainable future will likely involve a diverse mix of fuel solutions.