DNV has published a new report shedding light on the resurging interest in nuclear propulsion as a solution for maritime decarbonisation. Despite a hiatus of over 40 years without civilian commercial nuclear-powered vessel commissions, shifting environmental mandates have sparked renewed focus on this technology.
In the report titled, “Maritime Nuclear Propulsion: Technologies, Commercial Viability, and Regulatory Challenges for Nuclear-Powered Vessels,” DNV explores the distinct features of maritime nuclear technologies compared to land-based reactors.
The report stresses the importance of addressing technical, regulatory, and commercial considerations to better understand nuclear propulsion's potential in the maritime industry.
Future maritime fuel cycle
The report delves into the future maritime fuel cycle, examining critical elements such as fuel management
The report delves into the future maritime fuel cycle, examining critical elements such as fuel management, waste handling, vessel construction, and nuclear supply chain oversight.
Additionally, it identifies the reactor technologies likely to attract shipowners' interest. Innovations in automation, digitalisation, and modular design are recognised as essential for enhancing the safety, security, and acceptance of nuclear fuels and reactors by the public.
Role in maritime energy transition
Knut Ørbeck-Nilssen, Maritime CEO at DNV, commented, "Nuclear energy has the potential to play a role in the maritime energy transition. However, much work still needs to be done to overcome technical, regulatory, and societal challenges, including public perception."
He emphasised the need for coordinated global efforts, technological innovation, and alignment of regulatory frameworks to address these challenges.
Harmonised regulatory framework
The paper highlights the need for an even and harmonised regulatory framework at national and global levels
The paper highlights the necessity for a consistent and harmonised regulatory framework at both national and international levels to facilitate the safe implementation of nuclear propulsion at sea.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), along with flag states, national authorities, and classification societies, must work in synchrony, as outlined in the report’s proposed regulatory roadmaps.
A viable future industry will depend on solid, cost-effective business models. The report discusses how mass production, standardisation, and modularisation can enhance the business case for nuclear-powered ships. A case study within the report illustrates the cost benchmarks marine nuclear reactors must achieve to be considered viable for the merchant fleet.
Robust regulatory frameworks
Senior Principal Researcher, Ole Christen Reistad, the lead author of the report, stated, "For nuclear propulsion to become commercially viable in shipping, the business case must account for the full lifecycle costs, including fuel supply, reactor maintenance, and waste management."
He further noted that modular and standardised reactor designs can markedly reduce capital and operational costs, while reliable regulatory frameworks and steady supply chains are crucial for investor confidence and competitiveness in the long term.
